《中医体质分类和判定》标准质疑

2009年中华中医药学会颁布了《中医体质分类和判定》标准,并已进入推广应用过程。考察后发现,该标准的建立未能统一执行中医体质分类标准的原则和方法;体质分类特征交叉重叠,界限不清;单一体质内部各因素之间关联性较差。故建议不宜将中医体质学说拔高到中医体质学的高度;《中医体质分类和判定》标准尚不成熟,应慎重推广应用。     

高原缓丘区不同土地利用方式钉螺分布与人工林抑螺效果

目的为高原缓丘区兴林抑螺提供造林模式。方法在已营建抑螺防病林（示范区）和未营建抑螺防病林（对照区）样地上按原利用方式调查钉螺,分析营造抑螺防病林对钉螺的影响。结果对照区活螺框出现率和活螺密度分别为26.81%和0.94只/0.1m2,8类土地利用方式环境钉螺活螺框出现率和活螺密度差异均有统计学意义（F=11.29、12.71,P均〈0.01）,渍水低地、水田和水旱轮作地钉螺数量较大,旱作农地和林地钉螺数量较少。与造林前相比,抑螺防病林营造5年后活螺框出现率和活螺密度降低幅度在62.70%～89.98%和74.03%～94.00%。与对照区相比,示范区活螺框出现率和活螺密度分别下降了52.04%～87.36%和52.20%～95.45%。结论高原缓丘区抑螺防病林的营建可有效控制钉螺。     

Molecular methods for the study of the genetic determinants of nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes

Recently, evidence has accumulated that genetic factors may contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To identify variation at a gene locus, newly developed methods are introduced which employ denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to study sequence differences in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA fragments as well as in genomic DNA. These techniques are illustrated with studies of the angiotensinogen gene and the insulin receptor gene. In preliminary data from a comparison between individuals with and without diabetic nephropathy, we found no DNA sequence difference in the part of the angiotensinogen gene coding for angiotensin I. We did find, however, different distributions of a DNA polymorphism detected with the probe corresponding to exons 7 and 8 of the insulin receptor gene inRsaI DGGE blots in a comparison of patients with slow and fast progressing nephropathy. The interpretation of this finding and the need for further studies are discussed. In conclusion, the advent of methods of molecular genetics makes possible studies on genetic determinants of diabetic nephropathy. However, more clinical and epidemiological data are needed to find out how many genes are involved and how they interact with exposure to diabetes. Foremost, DNA from families with two or more siblings with diabetic nephropathy must be collected so that genetic studies will be possible.     

Acid ceramidase is associated with an improved prognosis in both DCIS and invasive breast cancer

Acid ceramidase (ASAH1) a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism converting pro‐apoptotic ceramide to sphingosine has been shown to be overexpressed in various cancers. We previously demonstrated higher expression of ASAH1 in ER positive compared to ER negative breast cancer. In the current study we performed subtype specific analyses of ASAH1 gene expression in invasive and non invasive breast cancer. We show that expression of ASAH1 is mainly associated with luminal A – like cancers which are known to have the best prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes. Moreover tumors with high ASAH1 expression among the other subtypes are also characterized by an improved prognosis. The good prognosis of tumors with high ASAH1 is independent of the type of adjuvant treatment in breast cancer and is also detected in non small cell lung cancer patients. Moreover, even in pre‐invasive DCIS of the breast ASAH1 is associated with a luminal phenotype and a reduced frequency of recurrences. Thus, high ASAH1 expression is generally associated with an improved prognosis in invasive breast cancer independent of adjuvant treatment and could also be valuable as prognostic factor for pre‐invasive DCIS.     

3.0TMR多期动态增强扫描在鉴别乳腺导管原位癌与乳腺腺病中的价值

目的:探讨3.0T MR动态增强扫描在鉴别乳腺导管原位癌和乳腺腺病中的价值。方法:研究纳入了经手术或穿刺活检证实的38例导管原位癌和40例乳腺腺病患者,对两组病变的MR多期动态增强表现进行回顾性对照分析,评价指标包括:强化形态、内部强化特点及时间-信号强度曲线,并对有统计学显著性差异的影像学征象的鉴别诊断价值进行分析。结果:导管样强化、节段样强化和肿块样强化多见于导管原位癌(P=0.04,0.04,0.02)。区域性强化和弥漫性强化多见于乳腺腺病(P=0.03,0.02)。点簇样强化及边缘强化多见于导管原位癌(P=0.02,0.03)。不均匀性强化多见于乳腺腺病(P=0.04)。速升缓降型曲线和速升平台型曲线多见于导管原位癌(P=0.03,0.02),持续缓升型和缓升平台型多见于腺病(P=0.03,0.04)。病变强化形态的鉴别诊断价值要高于内部强化特点和时间-信号强度曲线,其敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为69.2%、71.2%和70.4%。结论:3.0T MR动态增强扫描有助于鉴别导管原位癌和乳腺腺病,病变强化形态的鉴别诊断价值要高于内部强化特点和时间-信号强度曲线。     

ALA-PDT治疗对瘢痕癌体外培养细胞中MMP-9、MMP-13及TIMP-1水平的影响

目的:研究ALA-PDT治疗对瘢痕癌体外培养细胞中MMP-9、MMP-13和TIMP-1的影响。方法:将瘢痕癌体外培养细胞分为正常组、阴性对照组、高浓度ALA-PDT治疗组、低浓度ALA-PDT治疗组、光动力治疗组。对高浓度ALA-PDT治疗组、低浓度ALA-PDT治疗组、光动力治疗组分别进行干预治疗。于治疗后24h和48h采集样本,进行RT-PCR实验和ELISA实验。结果:治疗组中MMP-9、MMP-13的表达水平在ALA-PDT治疗后24h和48h的瘢痕癌体外培养细胞中的表达水平要明显高于阴性对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01),而治疗组中TIMP-1的表达水平要明显低于阴性对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。高浓度治疗组与低浓度治疗组之间比较有差异(P<0.05)。结论:ALA-PDT治疗可改变瘢痕癌体外培养细胞中MMP-9、MMP-13和TIMP-1的表达,使MMP-9/TIMP-1及MMP-13/TIMP-1之间的比例上调。     

c-myc在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨c-myc在系统性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)中蛋白表达和基因异常与临床病理特征、免疫组织分型的关系.方法 选取ALCL患者87例,应用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测c-mvc、间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)、CD3、CD10、CD20、CD30、EMA的蛋白表达情况;应用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测c-myc和ALK基因异常情况;统计分析c-myc蛋白表达和基因异常与各临床病理参数间的关系.结果 免疫组织化学结果:87例ALCL中,ALK阳性者54例(62.1％),c-myc阳性者27例(31.0％),c-myc和ALK蛋白联合表达20例(23.0％).c-myc蛋白表达率、c-myc和ALK蛋白联合表达率随ALCL临床分期的增加而升高,且在国际预后指数(IPI)高危组中表达率高于低危组(P＜0.05).FISH检测结果:87例ALCL中,50例(57.5％)发现ALK基因的易位,19例(21.8％)发现ALK基因的多拷贝.所有患者均未发现c-myc基因的易位,但19例(21.8％)检测到c-myc基因的多拷贝.c-myc基因多拷贝的发生率在ALK蛋白阳性和阴性组中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在c-myc蛋白阳性和阴性组中发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在IPI高危组中发生率高于低危组(P＜0.05).结论 c-myc蛋白表达及基因异常与ALCL临床分期、IPI相关,可作为判断ALCL恶性程度和预测预后的指标.     

Gene amplification during differentiation of mammalian neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo

In development of amphibians and flies, gene amplification is one of mechanisms to increase gene expression. In mammalian cells, gene amplification seems to be restricted to tumorigenesis and acquiring of drug-resistance in cancer cells. Here, we report a complex gene amplification pattern in mouse neural progenitor cells during differentiation with approximately 10% of the genome involved. Half of the amplified mouse chromosome regions overlap with amplified regions previously reported in human neural progenitor cells, indicating conserved mechanisms during differentiation. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we verified the amplification in single cells of primary mouse mesencephalon E14 (embryonic stage) neurosphere cells during differentiation. In vivo we confirmed gene amplifications of the TRP53 gene in cryosections from mouse embryos at stage E11.5. Gene amplification is not only a cancer-related mechanism but is also conserved in evolution, occurring during differentiation of mammalian neural stem cells